Determining the Rate of Osmosis with Water and Sucrose Essay Example for Free

Determining the Rate of Osmosis with Water and Sucrose Essay Determining the Rate of Osmosis with Water and Sucrose 10/3/2012 Determining the Rate of Osmosis with Water and Sucrose Author: Results: Bag 1 had a rate of osmosis equal to 0. 01 grams per minute. Bag 2 had a rate of osmosis equal to 0. 0543 grams per minute. Bag 3 had a rate of osmosis equal to 0. 0471 grams per minute. Bag 4 had a rate of osmosis equal to 0. 0886 grams per minute. Bag 5 had a rate of osmosis equal to -0. 0914 grams per minute (Figure A). Figure A: Shifting of mass in grams for each dialysis bag was measured every 5 minutes for 30 minutes. Data follows expectations of hypothesis on the basis that H2O will move from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Also, the rate of which it would move depending on concentration. The higher the concentration of sucrose inside of the dialysis bag, the faster the rate of water will travel into the bag. The rate of osmosis increases as the concentration of sucrose inside the bag is higher. Correspondingly, with bag 5, the water inside the dialysis bag would travel once again to a place of lower water concentration, the sucrose in the beaker. This is so because sucrose has a low concentration of water. Therefore, the water will travel from high to low concentration. The sucrose in bags 2, 3, and 4 are hypertonic to the water inside the beaker. Adversely, the water inside the beaker is hypotonic to the sucrose inside the bag. Another example to this would be swimming in the ocean (salt water) where the ocean’s water is hypertonic (lower water concentration) and the human body is hypotonic (higher water concentration), causing the water inside the human body to move from its high concentration to the ocean’s low concentration. Bag 1 represents an isotonic solution, where the water concentration inside the bag is close or equal to the concentration of water outside the bag. Another example of isotonic is 0. 9% NaCl, an I. V. olution, is isotonic to humans. This study interprets the importance of osmosis in daily biology as it can be detrimental to living cells and simultaneously profitable. For instance, plants need to be hypertonic to their hypotonic surroundings. If the solution outside the membrane has a lower concentration of solutes than the interior has, water will move into the vesicle via osmosis (Freeman p. g 91). Water travels into their cells, causing their cell to swell so that the ir stems may stand up straight.

Using An Electric Motor Fan Engineering Essay

Using An Electric Motor Fan Engineering Essay The resistance value for experiment 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 calculated and was 93.23 , 101.01 and 100.90 respectively. The effect of voltage increase on temperature was recoded and how power is lost as heart was understood. How electrical current generate magnetic field was observed by using compasses and explained. An experiment was also carried out and explained in to how electromagnetic field is used to control electrical circuits involving more than one circuit in a relay. The change of electrical energy to mechanical was also investigated by using an electric motor-fan. Background Despite the famous experiment Benjamin Franklin, he did not invented electricity. Electricity exists naturally. It has always been around. A good example of electric flow that occurs naturally is lightening. Lightening is a flow of electrons between the ground and clouds. When clouds rub against each other or other objects they become charged. When the potential difference between the clouds and ground reaches a certain level a flow of electrons balances the charge, this exhibits a flash of light or lightening1. Electrical systems and components can be classified into several capabilities and used for many different applications. Electrical components and systems can be used to heat, power, sense, drive, detect, indicate, to transmit and receive data2. Electrical equipment such as light bulbs, batteries and electric generators are not needed for electric city to exist, although designed to use and harness electric city. If potential difference or voltage is maintained across a conductor an electric flow occurs, Figure1. The currents magnitude depends on the voltage. The Ohms law states that the current through a conductor between the two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Therefore if the potential difference applied across a conductor is changed the current will also change. If a device follows the Ohms law the graph voltage vs current should have a straight line3. By rearranging the equation 1, voltage can be calculated; in addition the resistance of material can simply calculated by dividing the voltage to the current see equation 1. V R=V/I Figure1. An electric potential across a conductor3 Equation 13 The two types of circuits are series and parallel. Total resistance in series circuit can be determined by adding the individual resistors resistance. To find the resistance of two or more resistors connected in parallel, the sum of the inverse individual resistance is used2, Equation2. Equation 24 In electrical circuit some power is lost as heat. Resistance and heat loss is directly proportional for a given volts. Therefore if the volt is increased the resistance will increase, this will then result in a great deal of heat being lost3. When there is a need to control more than one circuit, a relay is used. Relay is a switch operated by electric. The mechanical movement of a relay is often controlled by magnetic force. The flow of current through the relay coil generates a magnetic field and changes the switch by attracting a lever. Relay aid one circuit to switch to another circuit and operate completely separate from the initial circuit5. Relay coil NO COM NC Figure 2. Relay contact5 Key COM  = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch. NC  = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is  off NO  = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is  on If an electrical current flows through a wire, a magnetic field is created due to the moving charges. Figure 3 demonstrates the magnetic fields in a straight conductor. The magnetic field for a straight conductor circles around the conductor. As illustrated from figure 4, a wire is coiled up to make a solenoid. The flow of the current determines the magnetic field direction. Each loop experiences its own magnetic field and the total magnetic field is the sum of individual loop. In addition the magnitude of the total magnetic field of a solenoid is directly proportional to the number of coils a coiled wire has7. Magnetic Field Around a Wire VRML Model Figure 3. Magnetic fields in Straight conductor7 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid VRML Model Figure 4. Magnetic fields in solenoid7 Electric motor is one of the very useful appliances use electric power to turn in to mechanical energy. To understand how an electric motor work simply imagine a nail wrapped with a wire and connected to a battery Figure 5. If the battery is connected to the wire, the nail would eventually become a magnet and have a south and North Pole. If the nail is suspended in the middle of a horseshoe magnet as in figure 5, the north end of the nail would be repelled away from the horseshoes north end and attract to the south end of the horseshoe. By doing this the nail would half turn and stop at the original place. To maintain a full turn the electromagnetic field of the nail should be flipped at a very precise moment. This is done simply by changing the direction of the electrons flow6. http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/motor-nail-in-horseshoe.gif Figure 5. Electro magnet in a horseshoe magnet6 Experimental Experiment 1.1: Electrical circuit As illustrated in figure 6, a series circuit was set up and one resistor was used across the circuit. Multi-meters were used to record the voltage across the resistor and current. Five different voltages in the range of 2 to 12 volts were applied and the current was recorded for each for each volts. Power R1 V A Figure 6. Series one resistor circuit2 Experiment 1.2 Similar procedure was used to record the voltage and current for the second experiment, this time though two resistors were used. V Power R1 R2 A Figure 7. Series two resistor circuit2 Experiment 1.3 In the third experiment two resistors was set up in a parallel circuit. Similar method to experiment one and two was used to record the voltage and current. Power A R1 R2 V Figure 8. Two resistors in parallel2 Experiment 2: Temperature vs. voltage In the fourth experiment investigates the relationship between voltage and temperature across a resistor. Similar circuit to experiment was, but this time one of the multi-meter was used set to record temperature. A thermocouple as shown in figure 9 was used to detect the temperature change and this was fed to the multi-meter8. http://images.picotech.com/se001-thermocouple.jpg Figure 9. Thermocouple8 Experiment 3: Relay Figure 10 shows the mechanism of the relay. A switch was used to control the relay by switching between the two circuits. Figure 10. Diagram for connection of experiment with relay and LEDs2 Experiment 4: Electric motor Fan An electric motor was used and given a power of 12 volt. Electric current was controlled by a switch and the fan rotated as due to the magnetic field generated by the electric. Experiment 5: Magnetism In these experiment two methods was used to test electro magnetism of electric of the flow of current. A wire used to flow electricity and magnetic compass was placed around the wire. In the second method a coiled wire was used and compasses was placed in the inside and outside of the coiled. Results Table 1. Experiment one and two Single resistor circuit Two resistor in series Two resistors in parallel V Amps Temperature C0 V Amps V Amps 2 0.0198 24 2 0.0099 2 0.0396 4 0.0390 25 4 0.0198 4 0.0793 6 0.0990 26 6 0.0297 6 0.1189 8 0.0792 28 8 0.0396 8 0.1587 10 0.0990 30 10 0.0495 10 0.1981 Note: The value of current highlighted for single resistor at 6 volts is an anomaly. Figure 11. Current vs Voltage Table 2. Resistance calculation Total resistance/ÃŽ © Power in v Series circuit Parallel Circuit with 2 resistors 1 resistors 2 Resistors 2 101.01 202.02 50.50 4 102.56 202.02 50.44 6 60.60 202.02 50.46 8 101.01 202.02 50.40 10 101.01 202.02 50.47 Average 93.23 202.02 50.45 Below is resistance calculation narrated; One resister series circuit = Two resisters Series circuit = Two resistors Parallel Circuit Using equation 2, R = (Assuming R1 = R2) 50.45 = R1 R1 +R2 = 100.90 ÃŽ © Experiment 2: Temperature vs. voltage The graph shows a positive correlation between voltage and temperature increase. Figure 12. Voltage vs Temperature Experiment 3: Relay When the switch was turned on LED one turned on and when the switch turned of LED one light gone out and LED two turned on. Experiment 4: Electric motor Fan The electric motor-fun started to spin only when the electric current started to flow. This was controlled by a switch for convenience. Experiment 5: Magnetism The results of electro magnetism were observed in experiment 5. When a single wire was used the compass needles aligned themselves towards the direction of the current flow. In the coiled wire when the compass was placed inside the coiled wire the compass pointed towards the direction of the electric flow. When the compasses was placed outside the solenoid the compasses experiences a great deal of deflection in comparison with the single wired cable. Discussion Experiment 1.1 1.3 circuit Figure 11 demonstrates an increase in voltage resulted on an increase in current. For the circuits with two resistors in parallel and series the graph was showing a positive correlation between the voltage increase and current increase. For the series circuit with one resister there was an anomaly when the voltage was set to 6 volts. The increase in current at 6 volts was too high, and this resulted on the graph being nonlinear. To make assumptions that the circuit obeys Ohmic law the graph should be linear. Possible source of errors; Human error (error when recording figures) Faulty multi-meter being used Faulty resistors or Faulty power supply reading Experiment 2: Temperature vs voltage As illustrated in figure 12, as the voltage increase the temperature across the resistor also increased. The temperature was directly proportional to the voltage increase. Temperature increase was steady for every additional volts applied for up to 6 volts. Temperature increase was doubled then doubled when 8 volts was applied. Some of the factors that can affect the amount of heat loss in a circuit are; Type of material used for wiring or resistor (some material are good conductors and some are very good insulator) Wire diameter (the smaller the diameter the harder for the electrons to move through) Length of wiring Temperature of the material/conductor (lower temperature result in lower resistance and indeed lower heat loss)3 The sharp increase in temperature was due to possible errors; Faulty thermocouple Leaving a particular voltage slightly longer than the another Breathing near the thermocouple (increase in the overall temperature) Experiment 3 Relay Figure 10 demonstrates the relay experiment. Since the relay mechanism was very small to be observed by the naked eyes LED was used to indicate if the electrical flow was switching in between the two circuits every time the switch was hit. TQ team7 States that the total magnetic field in a loop is the sum of its individual loop. Since moving charged particles generate electromagnetic field many charged particles generate a higher magnetic field. Therefore higher resistance in the wire coiling of a relay could cause the relay not being able to attracting a lever. Higher resistance in relays could be caused by rusting or using materials with low conductivity. Experiment 4 Electric motor-fan The power used in the Electric motor-fan was DC current. The current in DC always goes through one direction. The electric-fan began rotating when the current starts to flow. The current flow was switched over, as the polarity of the volt switched over, it was expected the motor start running the opposite direction instead the motor was stopped. The fan was possibly fitted with a device that only allows a one direction flow of current9. A diode was one of the possibilities that the electric motor-fan was fitted by. A diode is a two terminal device, with features of some systematic transfer of electric city character. A diode have a zero resistance to electric flow in one direction and high resistance (100%) resistance in the other direction, therefore electrical current flow only in one direction. Experiment 5 Magnetism As demonstrated from figure 3 and 4 electric current produces magnetic field. The compass used for the single wire deflected and seen aligning itself with the direction of the electric current. By observing the deflection of the compass needle, the North and South Pole of the magnetic field was deducted10. Conclusion The goal of the experiment was to understand the role of electricity in modern technology. Resistance in series and parallel circuits were tried, electromagnetism and its applications explained. The experiments deduction narrated below; With the exception of one anomaly result the circuits in experiment one obeys Ohmic law, therefore a linear graphs. In series circuit the resistance value doubled when another resistor was added. As it can be observed from table 2 resistance values for the parallel with two resistors was almost half the value for the series circuit with one resistor. Parallel circuit resistance was very small when compared with the resistance value in the series circuit with the same number of resistors. The value for the resistors calculated as 93.23 , 101.01 and 100.90 respectively. In experiment two, power dissipation promotes temperature increase . Relay experiment demonstrates the control of more than one circuit by using magnetic field of electric current. Charged moving particles produce a magnetic field Electric motor-fan converts electrical power in to mechanical by the help on a magnet inside the motor. Compasses used to observe the direction of an electric current. The grater the loop the grater the deflection the compass experience. Figure 3 and 4 demonstrates the magnetic field in a single wire and solenoid.

P2P File-Sharing Essays -- Computers Software Technology Essays

P2P File-Sharing INTRODUCTION Technology is moving at an ever-increasing rate, which faces us with many new issues as we move into a digital age. Gone are the days where property and transactions were physically tangible. A medium of an electronic nature is now today’s preferred choice as opposed to traditional means. This new electronic medium is hardly tangible yet it is becoming more pervasive in our lives. So what exactly are some of these technologies and issues associated with them? This paper will look into both the domestic and the international issues associated with MP3 and Peer-to-Peer technologies over the Internet. So what started the big fuss associated with Peer-to-Peer technologies like Napster? We will begin by looking at the original motivation behind Internet file sharing software. Enter MP3. The MP3 Craze The term MP3 is now a household name. The technology is widely known and can be found in a multitude of software as well as in dedicated playback devices. However, MP3s were not widely known until 1998 when a free windows based player named Winamp was released 1. Lets take a brief look at how MP3s came to be. MP3 is shorthand for MPEG-Layer 3, which stands for the Moving Picture Experts Group, Audio Layer III 1. The MP3 compression algorithm was developed by the Fraunhofer Institut in Erlangen, Germany during the mid-1980s 1. For those who are not already familiar with the technology, MP3 encoding essentially compresses a large sound file into a much smaller file with little noticeable sound degradation. Standard compression reduces the size of a sound file by ten times, which results in files that are approximately 1 MB per minute 2. This proved to be a powerful tool, especially as the Internet... ...tory.cfm?id=70>. RIAA â€Å"FAQ On Napster and Digital Music.† RIAA.org. . Sax, Jodi, â€Å"Recording Artists Speak Out On Napster†, February 2001, . Schumacher-Rasmussen, Eric. â€Å"Napster Dividing Artists From Prince 2 Dave Matthews.† MTV.com News. 2 Mar. 2001 . Smith, Seagrumn. â€Å"From Napster to Kazaa: The Battle Over Peer-To-Peer File Sharing Goes International.† Duke Law. 28 Mar. 2003 . Spinello, Richard A. â€Å"Frameworks for Ethical Analysis.† Chapter 2 of Ethical Aspect of Information Technology (Prentice Hall) 1 Jan. 1995 Yang, Beverly., Garcia-Molina, Hector., â€Å"Comparing Hybrid Peer-to-Peer Systems.† Technical Report, Stanford University. Feb. 2001

Analysis of The Graduate Essay -- Art FIlm, Analysis

Through the analysis of characteristics present within The Graduate this paper will express how it encompasses not only attributes from classical Hollywood cinema but also those of the Art film. These types of cinema have distinct and obvious styles and patterns that evoke different purposeful reactions independently, for instance the classical film tends to allow its viewer to understand completely what is happening throughout the film; this is archived by forming a logical plot, and applying repetition. In contrast the Art film takes on a very different style, which includes, non-closure, and episodic construction. The Graduate seemingly encompasses characteristics form each of these styles, through its use of an easy to follow plot; and because it has a final conclusion, it follows the stylistic characteristics of the classical film. However, extended shots of Ben floating, running and driving and the repetition of The Sound of Silence by Simon and Garfunkel suggests stylistic the mes of Art film as well. Cinema has been represented in numerous ways, however classical Hollywood cinema truly had an independent grasp since its debut in the 1910’s. The style created by the large producers of the time including Warner Brothers, MGM, RKO, Fox and Paramount shaped the genre not only during its birth but also through its Golden Age and into the present. As a style it has many characteristics that make it unique and poplar among viewers. The most salient of these aspects is the classical films plot structure and construction; unlike other styles including the art film the classical film creates a consistent and coherent plot for its viewers as David Bordwell states in his article, The Art Cinema as a Mode of Film Practice â€Å"The view... ...raduate encompasses both the stylistic characteristics of the Classical Hollywood cinema through its use of a structured plot and use of equilibrium, disequilibrium and a return to equilibrium as well as use of repetition of at some points, however the Art films style is if not dominant, highly present in the creation of this piece. Its use of alienation and ambiguity in portions of the film leaves the viewer at points disoriented and questioning components of the film, extracting from its viewer the psychological response that is intended from that style of film. Made even more visible by the use of sound and specifically the music of Simon and Garfunkel to increase that feeling. Therefore The Graduate utilizes both these styles in a effective manner to achieve a film that while bringing its audience into the character’s life simultaneously alienates them.

Isaac Asimov, Mind of a Child Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout history man has always had a vivid imagination. In prehistoric times, old man used to write stories, tales and such upon their cave dwelling walls. These were performed through the use of symbols. These symbols, called hieroglyphics, portrayed the thoughts and creativity of their authors. Boszhardt once said while talking about the cave pictures in Wisconsin, "When I first visited the cave, I was skeptical about the possible art that Daniel had written to me about, But once my flashlight came upon some of the drawings, there was no question that this was authentic Native American art. The birds, deer, and bow hunters are of styles that had to be prehistoric, and the charcoal had been absorbed into the rock. I was literally stunned--this was real, this was old, and there was a lot of it." In ancient Egypt, we also find such displays of messages and stories. Weà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve all heard of such writings in the pyramids and such. The most brilliant display of these messages lies in the Mexico Desert with its mile long pictures created by who are believed to be Aztecs. These messages from the very beginning offered new, unique views and ideas upon existing scenarios. Ancient authors who had witnessed and read such symbols got their own ideas and developed their own style of writing and stories. This is has happened throughout history and is most prevalent in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society. In the early 1900à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s technology began to boom. Many tales of science fantasy were created. The imagination of many was stirred violently as America and the U.S.S.R. were neck and neck in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Space Raceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Magical tales of aliens and Martians were shaped by the twisted and horrifically minds of authors such as Isaac Asimov. Many remember the comical almost, ridiculous movies of the early nineteen fifties. At that time though, many believed them to be real and were frightened beyond normal convention. Many authors in this era began to evolve, much how the earlier ancient writers evolved themselves. I will give you a brief biography of Isaac Asimov to allow you to understand his writing better and relinquish the ideas captured within his works. Throughout his amazing and fantastical life he has written almost five hundred astonishing works. While not... ..., Robot is a collection of short stories written by the science fiction author himself, Isaac Asimov. He set out the principles of robot behavior that we know as the Three Laws of Robotics. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (choen, Lindsay. I,Robot) Contained in this whimsical collection are stories of robots gone mad, mind-reading robots, robots with a sense of humor, robot politicians, and robots that secretly run the world, all told with Asimov's trademark dramatic blend of science fact and science fiction. This collection has set the boundaries and set a certain criteria for other authors to follow and keep consistency in their stories involving robots and other forms of artificial intelligence. Throughout time many innovators come and go. For some of these great men we remember not only their accomplishments but them as a person. Many of our modern technologies were developed or founded by one man, but do we know their names? Isaac Asimov must be considered one of the few innovators whom have not only shaped a new idea into reality but have also kept their legacy along with it.

Dmembers of the design and construction team

Is the first person involved in the planning stage of a building industry. He should be an artist, a technician and moreover a businessman. He has to satisfy the client, engineer, contractor and ultimately user. The architect after having obtained the instruction from the owner, design the function layout and provision of functional accommodation. He has to make structure beautiful and functional. He should give aesthetic effect to the structure. He is supposed to have knowledge of building bye- laws and regulations.During construction, he supervises the work as an agent to the owner, negotiates with client, Prepares drawings and specifications, Obtains planning permission, Prepares legal documents, Chooses building materials, Plans the construction process, Advises on the selection of, and will liaise with the construction am, and Inspects work. Selection of the architect for a development is obviously a critical step. Attention systems, the choice will be based on a combination of considerations, including competence and reputation, compatibility of values and goals between developer and architect, and ability of the two to communicate effectively.Since there is, in principle, inherent tension between the design function (I. E aesthetically oriented) and the developer (I. E cost and time oriented) communication of views and priorities are vital for a successful outcome. THE LAND PLANNER For land developments the developer (client) gives key design role to a land planner. In large projects involving multiple structures, extensive ground parking areas and drainage and water retention systems, the developer will rely on a land planner to solve the complex land planning puzzle.The developer work closely with the land planner to evolve the basic site plan within which any structures must fit. He uses input from specialist like the hydrologist, architect, marketing consultant, engineers, soil engineer, and others. The major concern of the land planner includes aest hetics, optimal use, and preservation of the site, traffic flows, utility systems, and drainage system. He also carries out an environmental impact assessment of the project and environment then it will be discarded. The expertise of several types' engineers must be coordinated by the architect in bringing together the final structure design. These engineers commonly work as subordinator to the architect, but their qualification need to be reviewed by the developer. The Soil Engineer: He determines the sufficient specifications to achieve safety and stability, for the structure foundation. He also test the soil for stability, strength, stress, strain and specify the kind of foundation that will be suitable for the building/ structure (pile, raft, pad, etc. ).The Structural Engineer; Calculate the loading and moments for a structure, Design the form for a structure, determine the most appropriate materials. Determine the requisite structural skeleton to maintain the building/ structu re's integrity. He also considers the numbers of beam, column that will withstand the tensional load, and give specification of the types of materials that will sustain the building life span. The Mechanical Engineer; provide pacifications and design for the heating, Ventilation, and air conditioning system and other building systems.

Pygmalion: George Bernard Shaw and Play Essay

A problem play is a play in which a number of problems are presented and analyzed thoroughly but no solutions to those problems are provided by the dramatist. Such a play serves as a great irritant to the thought. It is though provoking. the readers are provoked to think over the problem presented in the play and work out their own solutions to those problems. Pygmalion is a problem play in this sense. A number of problems have been presented and discussed; the discussion is thought – provoking; the readers are expected to think for themselves, and work out their own solutions. Problems created by education The most important problem presented in the play is the problem of education. Eliza Doolittle’s education in phonetics is a difficult problem, but Higgins successfully overcomes the difficulties so much that within six months Eliza can easily pass as foreign princess at an ambassador’s garden party. But her education creates problems for Eliza . she has become a lady and has lost her earlier identity. This problem, this dilemma, this predicament, was foreseen by Mrs. Pearce in the very act I of the play, and it is foreseen by Mrs. Higgins in act iii of the play. Eliza is confronted with the problem of loss of identity, and alienation, and she must search for belongingness in the new social environment to which she has been raised by her education. She poignantly puts her own problems in the following words: â€Å"what am I fit for? What have you left me fit for? Where am I to go? What am I to do? What’s to become of me? † A word problem As A. C word puts it, â€Å"the problem in Pygmalion, therefore, is like the world – problem of education. to educate is to give (or at least to offer ) new life to those who receive the education , and that new life produces discontent with existing circumstances and creates the desire for a different kind of world . in places where the spread of education has led to personal and social unrest , any teacher might be told , as Eliza tells Higgins replies : â€Å" would the world ever have been made , if its maker had been afraid of making trouble ? Making life means making trouble† This world- problem is represented in Pygmalion through the medium of a lesser theme which is a national one confined to the English who, wrote Shaw, â€Å"have no respect for their language, and will not teach their children to speak it† Bernard Shaw was disgusted by the harsh and slovenly speech of many people in England. He blamed this on to English spelling, and he left most of his large fortune to pay the expenses of starting a new English alphabet based on phonetic principles which would provide a separate symbol or sign for each spoken sound, thus enlarging the alphabet considerably. Shaw believed that this exact representation of sounds, in writing and in print, would bring about correct pronunciation by everyone and break down class- distinctions. The solution to Eliza’s problem But the class distinctions are not so broken in the present play, and so Eliza’s predicament remains. As Higgins takes no further interest in her, she has to work out her own solution. Indications in the play are given that the problem would be solved by marrying Freddy. But he is a weakling and has been brought to no occupation. Eliza herself would have to support him, if she marries him. Their marriage and after life has not been depicted in the play itself. But the account of their marriage and of their success as florists green grocers has been given in the appendix which Shaw has added to the play and which A. C ward considers to be , â€Å" one of Bernard Shaw’s least successful pieces of writing† . Not all can hope to find generous patrons like Colonel Pickering who, through financial help, would enable them to resolve their problems. Nor are all husbands so responsive and docile as Freddy is, nor are all wives so painstaking, loyal and dedicated as Eliza is. The natural solution to Eliza’s problem would have been a marriage professor Higgins or colonel Pickering. But they are both â€Å"confirmed old bachelors â€Å". Higgins is a victim of Oedipus complex or mother – fixation, and takes no human interest in Eliza. This would have been a proper solution to the problem of Eliza, but this does not happen, and so basically, her problem, as those countless others who face similar predicament remains unsolved. The dramatist has provided no solution, has certainly focused on the problem, and made sit up and think. The problems of Alfred Doolittle Another problem presented in the play is the predicament of Alfred Doolittle. He was poor, he was considered â€Å"an undeserving poor†, and so nothing was done for him by society. Still he was happy in his poverty. He would form time to time get money by â€Å"touching† others, i. e. by black – mailing them, and then he would have good time with his mistress. He was quite happy and contented with his life as a poor dustman. His loss of identity But then suddenly, as a result of a joke of Professor Higgins, he acquired large wealth and became one of the newly rich. He was raised to the status of the middle class. He could no longer be a happy dust man. It became imperative for him to conform to the middle class morality and social code. He had lost his former identity. He was a alienated from his former class and the kind of life he lived as a poor dust man, and he must now acquire a new identity and a new sense of belonging to a higher class. His quest for belongingness He poignantly expresses his problem thus, â€Å"who asked to make a gentleman of me? I was happy. I was free. I â€Å"touched† pretty nigh everybody for money when I wanted it , some as I touched you , Enry lggins, now I am worried; tied neck and heels; and everybody â€Å"touches† me for money. It’s a fine thing for you, says solicitor. Is it? Says I. you mean it’s a good thing for you, I says. When I was a poor man and had a solicitor once when they found a pram in the dust cart, he got me off, and got shut of me and got me out of him as quick as he could. Same with the doctors; used to shove me out of the hospital before I could hardly stand on my legs, and nothing to pay. Now they finds out that I’m not healthy man can’t live unless they looks after me twice a day. In the house I’m not let do a hand’s turn for myself: somebody else must do it and touch me for it. A year ago I hadn’t a relative in the world except two or three that would not speak to me. Now I’ve fifty, and not a decent week’s wages among the lot of them. I have to live for others and not for myself; that is middle class morality. You talk of losing Eliza. Don’t you be anxious; I bet she’s on my doorstep by this: she that could support herself easy by selling flowers, if I wasn’t respectable. Look more:  old age problems and solutions essay And the next one to touch me will be you, enry iggins. I’ll have to learn to speak middle class language from you, instead of speaking proper English. That’s where you’ll come in : and I daresay that’s what you done it for† Intimidation by middle class morality Further, he must now marry his mistress with whom he was happy so far, but after marriage he would lose happiness, for she would no longer be so docile and obedient as she was in her unwedded state. But middle class morality intimidates him into marrying g her. He cannot stay in his old ages and so he cannot refuse to accept the wealth that has come to him, for his support and stay in his old age and so he cannot refuse accept it. He must, therefore, acquire the middle class moral code and must try to it, though in the process, he would lose all his happiness. Conclusion Such is the predicament of Alfred Doolittle. The dramatist highlighted his problem and of many others like him, but no solution has been provided. The readers must think for themselves and find out their own respective solution.